pass on hearsay. For example, many people who claim that “the Bible is full of contradictions” usually admit that they have never read the Bible, nor can they point to a single contradiction in it. Their source of authority for this “truth-claim” is reduced to, “Well, everyone knows the Bible’s full of contradictions!” Arguments such as these can be refuted by ordinary Christians who have been trained in apologetic techniques. There are two ways to respond to arguments against Christianity, and the